WNT2B Deficiency Causes Enhanced Susceptibility to Colitis Due to Increased Inflammatory Cytokine Production.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Humans with WNT2B deficiency have severe intestinal disease, including significant inflammatory injury, highlighting a critical role for WNT2B. We sought to understand how WNT2B contributes to intestinal homeostasis. METHODS: We investigated the intestinal health of Wnt2b knock out (KO) mice. We assessed the baseline histology and health of the small intestine and colon, as well as the impact of inflammatory challenge using dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). We also evaluated human intestinal tissue. RESULTS: Mice with WNT2B deficiency had normal baseline histology but enhanced susceptibility to DSS colitis due to an increased early injury response. While ISC markers were decreased, epithelial proliferation was similar to controls. Wnt2b KO mice showed an enhanced inflammatory signature after DSS treatment. Wnt2b KO colon and human WNT2B-deficient organoids both had increased levels of CXCR4 and IL6, and biopsy tissue from humans showed increased neutrophils. CONCLUSION: WNT2B is important for regulation of inflammation in the intestine. Absence of WNT2B leads to increased expression of inflammatory cytokines and increased susceptibility to gastrointestinal inflammation, particularly in the colon.

Exploring the antifungal potential of Annona muricata leaf extract-loaded hydrogel in treating vulvovaginal candidiasis.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis, mostly caused by Candida albicans, remains a prevalent concern in women's health. Annona muricata L. (Annonaceae), a plant native from Brazil, is well-known for its therapeutic potential, including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. This study presents an innovative hydrogel formulation containing the ethanolic extract from A. muricata leaves designed to control C. albicans in an in vivo model of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Here, we report the development, thermal, physicochemical and rheological characterization of a Carbopol®-based hydrogel containing A. muricata extract. Furthermore, we evaluated its activity in a vulvovaginal candidiasis in vivo model. Thermal analyses indicated that the addition of the extract increased the polymer-polymer and polymer-solvent interactions.Rheological analysis showed a decrease in the viscosity and elasticity of the formulation as the A. muricata extract concentration increased, suggesting a liquid-like behavior. After treatment with the Carbopol®-based hydrogel with A. muricata, our in vivo results showed a significant reduction in vulvovaginal fungal burden and infection, as well as a reduction in mucosal inflammation. The current research opens up possibilities for the application of the Carbopol®-based hydrogel with A. muricata as a natural therapeutic option for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis.

Prevalência e Fatores de risco associados ao tabagismo e outras formas de consumo de tabaco em acadêmicos da saúde em Goiânia, Goiás / Prevalence and risk factors associated with smoking and other forms of tobacco consumption among health students in Goiânia, Goiás

Introdução: O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar e identificar a prevalência e fatores de risco associados ao tabagismo e outras formas de consumo de tabaco entre acadêmicos da saúde. Métodos: A pesquisa contou com 407 acadêmicos dos cursos de Biomedicina, Educação Física, Enfermagem, Farmácia, Fisioterapia e Nutrição de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior. A coleta de dados foi realizada no mês de maio de 2020, por um formulário eletrônico, disponibilizado em e-mail institucional, grupos de estudos e redes sociais. O procedimento ocorreu após aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética, cujo parecer 3.966.951. Resultados: A maioria dos participantes (79,6%) eram do sexo feminino, solteiros (75,2%) com idade média de 25,32 anos. O consumo de tabaco foi confirmado por 10,8% participantes. Quanto ao consumo de produtos derivados de tabaco 24,1% dos entrevistados já consumiram produto de tabaco, 8,6% assumiram tabagismo ocasional, e 4,2% tabagismo ativo. Conclusões: A associação entre tabagismo e as variáveis sociodemográficas demonstrou que alunos do curso de Farmácia (OR: 5,25 [IC:1,34-20,22] p=0,017), homens (OR: 1,71 [IC: 1,01 ­ 2,91]), estudantes turno matutino (OR: 1,96 [IC:1,02-3,78] p=0,04) e que residem com tabagistas (OR:4,44 [IC: 2,24-8,80]) apresentaram maiores chances de serem tabagista. A associação em relação ao consumo de derivados do tabaco, os homens apresentaram maiores prevalências de consumo de derivados de tabaco (OR: 1,71 [IC: 1,01 ­ 2,91] p=0,045) bem como, alunos do curso de Farmácia (OR: 6,40 [IC:2,31-17,7] P<0,01), que estudam no turno Noturno (OR:1,85 [IC:1,16-8,82] p=0,009) e entre os que residem com tabagistas (OR: 4,49 [IC:2,24-8,80] p<0,001).

Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate and identify the prevalence and risk factors associated with smoking and other forms of tobacco consumption among health academics. Methods: The survey involved 407 students from Biomedicine, Physical Education, Nursing, Pharmacy, Physiotherapy and Nutrition courses at a Higher Education Institution. Data collection was carried out in May 2020, through an electronic form, available in institutional email, study groups and social networks. The entire procedure took place after approval by the Ethics Committee. Results: Most participants (79.6%) were female, single (75.2%) with a mean age of 25.32 years. Tobacco consumption was confirmed by 10.8% of the participants. As for the consumption of tobacco products, 24.1% of the interviewees had already consumed some tobacco product, 8.6% assumed occasional smoking, and 4.2% active smoking. Conclusions: The association between smoking and sociodemographic variables showed that Pharmacy students (OR: 5.25 [CI:1.34-20.22] p=0.017), men (OR: 1.71 [CI: 1.01 ­ 2.91]), morning shift students (OR: 1.96 [CI:1.02-3.78] p=0.04) and those who live with smokers (OR:4.44 [CI : 2.24-8.80]) were more likely to be smokers. The association in relation to the consumption of tobacco derivatives, men had a higher prevalence of consumption of tobacco derivatives (OR: 1.71 [CI: 1.01 ­ 2.91] p=0.045) as well as Pharmacy students (OR: 6.40 [CI:2.31-17.7] P<0.01), those who study the night shift (OR:1.85 [CI:1.16-8.82] p=0.009 ) and among those who live with smokers (OR: 4.49 [CI:2.24-8.80] p<0.001).

Pulse Wave Velocity of 8.2 m/s as a Threshold Associated with Cardiovascular Target Organ Damage Presence. / Velocidade de Onda de Pulso de 8,2m/s como Limiar Associado à Presença de Lesão de Órgão Alvo Cardiovascular.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have established normal and reference values for Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV). However, the PWV value that has the strongest association with cardiovascular biomarkers remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the PWV value more likely to be associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), increased intima-media thickness (IMT), and presence of carotid plaques in patients with hypertension. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 119 patients. Analysis of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves was performed for each cardiovascular biomarker. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: According to the ROC curve analysis, the PWV values were 8.1 m/s, 8.2 m/s, and 8.7 for the LVH, IMT, and presence of carotid plaques, respectively. A PWV value of 8.2 m/s was identified as the best parameter to determine the three TOD biomarkers. PWV above 8.2 m/s was associated with increased CIMT (p = 0.004) and the presence of carotid plaques (p = 0.003) and LVH (p<0.001). PWV above 8.2 showed greater sensitivity for increased CIMT (AUC = 0.678, sensitivity = 62.2), LVH (AUC = 0.717, sensitivity = 87.2), and the presence of plaques (AUC = 0.649, sensitivity = 74.51) in the ROC curve analysis. CONCLUSION: The PWV value 8.2 m/s was more sensitive in early identifying the existence of cardiovascular biomarkers of TOD.

FUNDAMENTO: Estudos prévios estabeleceram valores de normalidade e de referência da Velocidade de Onda de Pulso (VOP). Porém, qual valor de VOP que apresenta a associação mais forte com biomarcadores cardiovasculares ainda é pouco conhecido. OBJETIVO: Identificar o valor de VOP com maior possibilidade de estar associado com hipertrofia ventricular esquerda (HVE), aumento da espessura íntima-média carotídea (EIMC), e presença de placas carotídeas em pacientes hipertensos. MÉTODOS: Este é um estudo transversal de 119 pacientes. Análise de curvas características de operação do receptor (ROC) foi realizada para cada biomarcador cardiovascular. A diferença estatística foi estabelecida em p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Segundo análises das curvas ROC, valores de VOP de 8,1m/s para HVE, 8,2m/s para EMIC aumentada e 8,7m/s para a presença de placa carotídea foram encontrados, respectivamente. O valor de VOP de 8,2m/s foi definido como melhor o parâmetro para encontrar os três biomarcadores de LOA. A VOP acima de 8,2m/s associou-se ao aumento da EMIC (p = 0,004), à presença de placas carotídeas (p = 0,003) e à HVE (p < 0,001). A VOP acima de 8,2m/s apresentou maior sensibilidade para EMIC aumentada (AUC = 0,678, sensibilidade 62,2), HVE (AUC = 0,717, sensibilidade 87,2), e presença de placas (AUC = 0,649, sensibilidade 74,51) na análise das curvas ROC. CONCLUSÃO: O valor de 8,2m/s de VOP foi mais sensível em identificar, precocemente, a existência de biomarcadores cardiovasculares de LOA.

Outcomes of decompressive craniectomy for malignant middle cerebral artery stroke in an academic hospital in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Ischemic stroke is an important cause of death in the world. The malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (MMCAI) has mortality as high as 80% when clinically treated. In this setting, decompressive craniectomy is a life-saving measure, in spite of high morbidity among survivors. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcomes of patients with MMCAI treated with decompressive craniectomy in a Brazilian academic tertiary stroke center. METHODS: A prospective stroke database was retrospectively evaluated, and all patients treated with decompressive craniectomy for MMCAI between January 2014 and December 2017 were included. The demographics and clinical characteristics were evaluated. The functional outcome, measured by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), was assessed at hospital discharge, after 3-months and 1-year of follow-up. RESULTS: We included 53 patients on the final analysis. The mean age was 54.6 ± 11.6 years and 64.2% were males. The median time from symptoms to admission was 4.8 (3-9.7) hours and the mean time from symptoms to surgery was 36 ± 17 hours. The left hemisphere was the affected in 39.6%. The median NIHSS at admission was 20 (16-24). The in-hospital mortality was 30.2%. After a median of 337 [157-393] days, 47.1% of patients had achieved favorable outcome (mRS ≤ 4) and 39.6% had died. CONCLUSION: Decompressive craniectomy is a life-saving measure in the setting of MMCAI, and its effects remains important in the scenario of a middle-income country in real-world situations.

ANTECEDENTES: O acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) isquêmico é uma causa importante da morte em todo o mundo. O infarto maligno da artéria cerebral média (IMACM) tem mortalidade de até 80% quando tratado clinicamente. Nesse contexto, a craniectomia descompressiva é uma medida salvadora de vidas, apesar da alta morbidade entre os sobreviventes. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os desfechos dos pacientes com IMACM tratados com craniectomia descompressiva em um centro acadêmico terciário de AVC no Brasil. MéTODOS: Um banco de dados prospectivo de AVC foi avaliado retrospectivamente e todos os pacientes tratados com craniectomia descompressiva para IMACM entre janeiro de 2014 e dezembro de 2017 foram incluídos. As características clínicas e demográficas foram avaliadas. Os desfechos funcionais, medidos pela escala modificada da Rankin (mRS), foram avaliados na alta hospitalar, após 3 meses e após 1 ano de seguimento. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 53 pacientes na análise final. A idade média foi 54,6 ± 11,6 anos e 64,2% eram homens. A mediana do tempo dos sintomas à admissão foi 4,8 (3­9,7) horas e o tempo médio dos sintomas à cirurgia foi 36 ± 17 horas. O hemisfério esquerdo foi o afetado em 39,6%. A pontuação na escala de AVC do National Institute of Health (NIHSS) à admissão foi 20 (16­24). A mortalidade hospitalar foi 30,2%. Após uma mediana de 337 (157­393) dias, 47,1% dos pacientes tinham atingido um desfecho favorável (mRS ≤ 4) e 39,6% tinham morrido. CONCLUSãO: Craniectomia descompressiva é uma medida salvadora de vidas no contexto do IMACM e seus efeitos permanecem importantes no cenário de um país em desenvolvimento em situação de vida real.

Outcomes of decompressive craniectomy for malignant middle cerebral artery stroke in an academic hospital in Brazil / Desfechos da craniectomia descompressiva para infarto maligno da artéria cerebral média em um hospital acadêmico no Brasil

Abstract Background Ischemic stroke is an important cause of death in the world. The malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (MMCAI) has mortality as high as 80% when clinically treated. In this setting, decompressive craniectomy is a life-saving measure, in spite of high morbidity among survivors. Objective To evaluate the outcomes of patients with MMCAI treated with decompressive craniectomy in a Brazilian academic tertiary stroke center. Methods A prospective stroke database was retrospectively evaluated, and all patients treated with decompressive craniectomy for MMCAI between January 2014 and December 2017 were included. The demographics and clinical characteristics were evaluated. The functional outcome, measured by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), was assessed at hospital discharge, after 3-months and 1-year of follow-up. Results We included 53 patients on the final analysis. The mean age was 54.6 ± 11.6 years and 64.2% were males. The median time from symptoms to admission was 4.8 (3-9.7) hours and the mean time from symptoms to surgery was 36 ± 17 hours. The left hemisphere was the affected in 39.6%. The median NIHSS at admission was 20 (16-24). The in-hospital mortality was 30.2%. After a median of 337 [157-393] days, 47.1% of patients had achieved favorable outcome (mRS ≤ 4) and 39.6% had died. Conclusion Decompressive craniectomy is a life-saving measure in the setting of MMCAI, and its effects remains important in the scenario of a middle-income country in real-world situations.

Resumo Antecedentes O acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) isquêmico é uma causa importante da morte em todo o mundo. O infarto maligno da artéria cerebral média (IMACM) tem mortalidade de até 80% quando tratado clinicamente. Nesse contexto, a craniectomia descompressiva é uma medida salvadora de vidas, apesar da alta morbidade entre os sobreviventes. Objetivo Avaliar os desfechos dos pacientes com IMACM tratados com craniectomia descompressiva em um centro acadêmico terciário de AVC no Brasil. Métodos Um banco de dados prospectivo de AVC foi avaliado retrospectivamente e todos os pacientes tratados com craniectomia descompressiva para IMACM entre janeiro de 2014 e dezembro de 2017 foram incluídos. As características clínicas e demográficas foram avaliadas. Os desfechos funcionais, medidos pela escala modificada da Rankin (mRS), foram avaliados na alta hospitalar, após 3 meses e após 1 ano de seguimento. Resultados Foram incluídos 53 pacientes na análise final. A idade média foi 54,6 ± 11,6 anos e 64,2% eram homens. A mediana do tempo dos sintomas à admissão foi 4,8 (3-9,7) horas e o tempo médio dos sintomas à cirurgia foi 36 ± 17 horas. O hemisfério esquerdo foi o afetado em 39,6%. A pontuação na escala de AVC do National Institute of Health (NIHSS) à admissão foi 20 (16-24). A mortalidade hospitalar foi 30,2%. Após uma mediana de 337 (157-393) dias, 47,1% dos pacientes tinham atingido um desfecho favorável (mRS ≤ 4) e 39,6% tinham morrido. Conclusão Craniectomia descompressiva é uma medida salvadora de vidas no contexto do IMACM e seus efeitos permanecem importantes no cenário de um país em desenvolvimento em situação de vida real.

Assessment of the validity of a sedentary behavior questionnaire among university students from low-income regions / Evaluación de la validez de un cuestionario de comportamiento sedentario en estudiantes universitarios de regiones de escasos recursos

Introduction: to reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity, lifestyle interventions, particularly in nutritional education programs, should be prioritized among university students. Monitoring sedentary behavior is an important step toward preventing and controlling obesity. Therefore, we assessed the reliability and validity of an online questionnaire on sedentary behavior among university students from low-income regions. Methods: this cross-sectional methodological feasibility study evaluated the psychometric properties of the South American Youth/Child Cardiovascular and Environmental (SAYCARE) questionnaire. We administered this questionnaire in an online format to 195 and 117 university students (aged between 17 and 53 years) to assess its validity and reliability, respectively. The questionnaire measures the daily time spent watching TV, playing electronic games, using a computer, studying and passive commuting on weekdays and weekends. The questionnaire involved two stages (Q1 and Q2) separated by an interval of 2 weeks. Reliability was assessed using Spearman’s correlation analysis. The structural validity of the construct was evaluated by exploratory factor analysis. Results: all variables showed acceptable reliability (Spearman’s rho > 0.30 and p < 0.05). Regarding construct structural validity, the exploratory factor analysis identified 4 factors (variance explained: 71.4 %) and did not exclude any items. Conclusion: the online SAYCARE questionnaire exhibited acceptable reliability and structural validity for assessing sedentary behavior among university students from low-income regions.(AU)

ntroducción: para reducir la prevalencia del sobrepeso y la obesidad, las intervenciones en el estilo de vida, particularmente en los programasde educación nutricional, deben priorizarse entre los estudiantes universitarios. Por lo tanto, monitorear el comportamiento sedentario es unpaso importante para prevenir y controlar la obesidad. Nuestro objetivo fue investigar la confiabilidad y validez de un cuestionario online sobrecomportamiento sedentario entre estudiantes universitarios de regiones de escasos recursos.Métodos: este estudio transversal de factibilidad metodológica evaluó las propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario South American Youth/Child Cardiovascular and Environmental (SAYCARE). Administramos este cuestionario en formato online a 195 y 117 estudiantes universitarios(de entre 17 y 53 años) para evaluar su validez y confiabilidad, respectivamente. El cuestionario midió el tiempo diario del estudiante viendotelevisión, jugando a juegos electrónicos, usando una computadora, estudiando y viajando pasivamente entre semana y fines de semana. Elcuestionario fue respondido en dos etapas (Q1 y Q2), con un intervalo de 2 semanas. La fiabilidad se evaluó mediante el coeficiente de correlaciónde Spearman. La validez estructural del constructo se evaluó mediante análisis factorial exploratorio.Resultados: todas las variables mostraron una confiabilidad aceptable (rho de Spearman > 0,30 y p < 0,05). En la validez estructural delconstructo, el análisis factorial exploratorio encontró 4 factores (varianza explicada del 71,4 %) y ningún ítem fue excluido.Conclusión: el cuestionario SAYCARE, en formato online, exhibió una confiabilidad y validez estructural aceptables para evaluar el comportamientosedentario entre estudiantes universitarios de regiones de escasos recursos.(AU)

Cytocompatible and osteoinductive cotton cellulose nanofiber/chitosan nanobiocomposite scaffold for bone tissue engineering.

Natural polymeric nanobiocomposites hold promise in repairing damaged bone tissue in tissue engineering. These materials create an extracellular matrix (ECM)-like microenvironment that induces stem cell differentiation. In this study, we investigated a new cytocompatible nanobiocomposite made from cotton cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) combined with chitosan polymer to induce osteogenic stem cell differentiation. First, we characterized the chemical composition, nanotopography, swelling properties, and mechanical properties of the cotton CNF/chitosan nanobiocomposite scaffold. Then, we examined the biological characteristics of the nanocomposites to evaluate their cytocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation potential using human mesenchymal stem cells derived from exfoliated deciduous teeth. The results showed that the nanobiocomposite exhibited favorable cytocompatibility and promoted osteogenic differentiation of cells without the need for chemical inducers, as demonstrated by the increase in alkaline phosphatase activity and ECM mineralization. Therefore, the cotton CNF/chitosan nanobiocomposite scaffold holds great promise for bone tissue engineering applications.

Cutaneous traction as a complement to the parascapular flap in major cancer loss: case report / Tração cutânea como complemento ao retalho paraescapular em grande perda oncológica: relato de caso

Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a malignant epidermal keratinocyte tumor closely related to sun exposure. When diagnosed, through biopsy, its staging, tumor resection with oncological safety margins must be performed, and lymph node dissection and treatment of metastases, if present, may be performed. Case Report: Skin traction is reported as a complement to the parascapular flap, used reconstructively after the excision of a large SCC in the left shoulder. Conclusion: The technique used proved effective for the satisfactory correction of large dehiscence in the postoperative period of the parascapular flap, promoting partial closure of the defect, reduced time to perform, and correction of the residual defect in a single step.

Introdução: O carcinoma espinocelular (CEC) é um tumor maligno dos queratinócitos epidérmicos e está intimamente relacionado à exposição solar. Quando diagnosticado, por meio de biópsia, deve ser realizado seu estadiamento, ressecção tumoral com margens de segurança oncológica, podendo ser feito esvaziamento ganglionar e tratamento de metástases, caso presentes. Relato de Caso: Reporta-se a utilização da tração cutânea como complemento ao retalho paraescapular, utilizado reconstrutivamente pós excisão de CEC de grande dimensão em ombro esquerdo. Conclusão: A técnica utilizada mostrou-se eficaz para correção satisfatória de grandes deiscências em pós-operatório de retalho paraescapular, promovendo fechamento parcial do defeito, tempo reduzido para realização e correção do defeito residual em tempo único.

Assessment of the validity of a sedentary behavior questionnaire among university students from low-income regions.

Introduction: Introduction: to reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity, lifestyle interventions, particularly in nutritional education programs, should be prioritized among university students. Monitoring sedentary behavior is an important step toward preventing and controlling obesity. Therefore, we assessed the reliability and validity of an online questionnaire on sedentary behavior among university students from low-income regions. Methods: this cross-sectional methodological feasibility study evaluated the psychometric properties of the South American Youth/Child Cardiovascular and Environmental (SAYCARE) questionnaire. We administered this questionnaire in an online format to 195 and 117 university students (aged between 17 and 53 years) to assess its validity and reliability, respectively. The questionnaire measures the daily time spent watching TV, playing electronic games, using a computer, studying and passive commuting on weekdays and weekends. The questionnaire involved two stages (Q1 and Q2) separated by an interval of 2 weeks. Reliability was assessed using Spearman's correlation analysis. The structural validity of the construct was evaluated by exploratory factor analysis. Results: all variables showed acceptable reliability (Spearman's rho > 0.30 and p < 0.05). Regarding construct structural validity, the exploratory factor analysis identified 4 factors (variance explained: 71.4 %) and did not exclude any items. Conclusion: the online SAYCARE questionnaire exhibited acceptable reliability and structural validity for assessing sedentary behavior among university students from low-income regions.

Introducción: Introducción: para reducir la prevalencia del sobrepeso y la obesidad, las intervenciones en el estilo de vida, particularmente en los programas de educación nutricional, deben priorizarse entre los estudiantes universitarios. Por lo tanto, monitorear el comportamiento sedentario es un paso importante para prevenir y controlar la obesidad. Nuestro objetivo fue investigar la confiabilidad y validez de un cuestionario online sobre comportamiento sedentario entre estudiantes universitarios de regiones de escasos recursos. Métodos: este estudio transversal de factibilidad metodológica evaluó las propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario South American Youth/Child Cardiovascular and Environmental (SAYCARE). Administramos este cuestionario en formato online a 195 y 117 estudiantes universitarios (de entre 17 y 53 años) para evaluar su validez y confiabilidad, respectivamente. El cuestionario midió el tiempo diario del estudiante viendo televisión, jugando a juegos electrónicos, usando una computadora, estudiando y viajando pasivamente entre semana y fines de semana. El cuestionario fue respondido en dos etapas (Q1 y Q2), con un intervalo de 2 semanas. La fiabilidad se evaluó mediante el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman. La validez estructural del constructo se evaluó mediante análisis factorial exploratorio. Resultados: todas las variables mostraron una confiabilidad aceptable (rho de Spearman > 0,30 y p < 0,05). En la validez estructural del constructo, el análisis factorial exploratorio encontró 4 factores (varianza explicada del 71,4 %) y ningún ítem fue excluido. Conclusión: el cuestionario SAYCARE, en formato online, exhibió una confiabilidad y validez estructural aceptables para evaluar el comportamiento sedentario entre estudiantes universitarios de regiones de escasos recursos.

A Case Report of Cerebral Hypoperfusion During Liver Transplant with a Focus on the Role of Intraoperative Neuromonitoring.

Acute hepatic failure is characterized by rapid deterioration of hepatic function with encephalopathy in a patient without pre-existing liver disease. Bispectral index values had a significant correlation with cerebral perfusion. Transcranial Doppler can assess changes in cerebrovascular function and has the advantages of being noteworthy and widely available. This is a case report of a hepatic encephalopathy occurring during a deceased donor liver transplant in a patient presenting fulminant hepatitis. We briefly discuss some diagnostic methods highlighting the challenges of the anesthesiologist in managing this kind of patient in the context of a major surgery.

Effects of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus HD100 on experimental periodontitis in rats.

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus HD100 on experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats. METHODS: Thirty-two rats were divided into four groups: control, C-HD100 (B. bacteriovorus), EP, and EP-HD100. On day 0, EP was induced by the placement of cotton ligatures around the mandibular first molars (MFMs) in the EP and EP-HD100 groups. In the C-HD100 and EP-HD100 groups, suspensions containing 1 × 109  PUF/ml of B. bacteriovorus HD100 were topically administered to the subgingival region of MFMs on days 0, 3, and 7. Animals were euthanized on day 14. Morphometrics analyses were performed in hemimandibles. The levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, IL-10, IL-1ß, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-ß), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and regulated on activation and normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) were determined by enzymatic immunoassays in gingival tissues. Beta defensin (BD)-1, BD-2, and BD-3, Toll-like receptors (TLR)-2 and TLR-4, and a cluster of differentiation (CD)-4, CD-8 and CD-57 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in hemimandibles. Data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The EP group showed greater alveolar bone loss than EP-HD100 (p < .05). The EP-HD100 group showed higher levels of MCP-1, RANTES, IL-10, and TGF-ß, lower levels of TNF-α than the EP group (p < .05). No differences were observed in IL-1ß, IL-6, and M-CSF levels between EP and EP-HD100 groups. The C-HD100 group had higher IL-6, TNF-α, RANTES, and MCP-1 levels than the control group (p < .05). Regarding BD, the EP-HD100 group showed a larger immunolabeling pattern for BD-1, BD-2, and BD-3 than the EP group (p < .05). No significant differences in the immunolabeling pattern were observed for TLR-2, TLR-4, CD-4, CD-8, and CD-57 between EP and EP-HD100 groups. CONCLUSION: The topical use of B. bacteriovorus HD100 reduces alveolar bone loss, increases expression of BD, and modulates the cytokines levels on periodontal tissues in rats with EP.

Probiotic consumption can modify the resilience of periodontal tissues in rats under experimental periodontitis.

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the effects of systemic administration of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 (B. lactis HN019) on experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats. METHODS: Thirty-two rats were allocated to groups C (control), C-HN019 (probiotic), EP (EP only), and EP-HN019 (EP+probiotic). From day 0, the animals of C-HN019 and EP-HN019 groups received B. lactis HN019 (1 × 109 CFU/ml) daily. On the 14th day, the animals of EP and EP-HN019 groups received silk ligature around mandibular molars. Animals were euthanized on the 28th day. Samples of oral biofilm, gingival tissues, blood serum, and mandible were obtained for microtomographic, histomorphometric, microbiological, and immunological analyses. Data were statistically analyzed (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Group EP-HN019 presented significantly less alveolar bone loss when compared with Group EP in histomorphometric and microtomographic analyses. In gingival tissue and serum, Group EP-HN019 presented lower proinflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines ratios than Group EP. Group EP-HN019 showed higher expression of beta-defensins and less TRAP-positive cells than Group EP. Group EP presented higher gene expression of Ifng and lower gene expression of Foxp3 when compared with Group EP-HN019 in gingival tissue. In oral biofilm, EP-HN019 group presented a lower percentage of species similar to Fusobacterium periodonticum and a higher percentage of species similar to Actinomyces gereneseriae, Actinomyces israelli, and Streptococcus gordonii when compared with Group EP. There was a significant increase of B. lactis HN019 after administration of probiotic therapy in oral biofilm of Group EP-HN019. CONCLUSION: The consumption of B. lactis HN019 promotes a protective effect against alveolar bone loss by modifying local and systemic microbiological and immunoinflammatory parameters.

Velocidade de Onda de Pulso de 8,2m/s como Limiar Associado à Presença de Lesão de Órgão Alvo Cardiovascular / Pulse Wave Velocity of 8.2 m/s as a Threshold Associated with Cardiovascular Target Organ Damage Presence

Resumo Fundamento Estudos prévios estabeleceram valores de normalidade e de referência da Velocidade de Onda de Pulso (VOP). Porém, qual valor de VOP que apresenta a associação mais forte com biomarcadores cardiovasculares ainda é pouco conhecido. Objetivo Identificar o valor de VOP com maior possibilidade de estar associado com hipertrofia ventricular esquerda (HVE), aumento da espessura íntima-média carotídea (EIMC), e presença de placas carotídeas em pacientes hipertensos. Métodos Este é um estudo transversal de 119 pacientes. Análise de curvas características de operação do receptor (ROC) foi realizada para cada biomarcador cardiovascular. A diferença estatística foi estabelecida em p<0,05. Resultados Segundo análises das curvas ROC, valores de VOP de 8,1m/s para HVE, 8,2m/s para EMIC aumentada e 8,7m/s para a presença de placa carotídea foram encontrados, respectivamente. O valor de VOP de 8,2m/s foi definido como melhor o parâmetro para encontrar os três biomarcadores de LOA. A VOP acima de 8,2m/s associou-se ao aumento da EMIC (p = 0,004), à presença de placas carotídeas (p = 0,003) e à HVE (p < 0,001). A VOP acima de 8,2m/s apresentou maior sensibilidade para EMIC aumentada (AUC = 0,678, sensibilidade 62,2), HVE (AUC = 0,717, sensibilidade 87,2), e presença de placas (AUC = 0,649, sensibilidade 74,51) na análise das curvas ROC. Conclusão O valor de 8,2m/s de VOP foi mais sensível em identificar, precocemente, a existência de biomarcadores cardiovasculares de LOA.

Abstract Background Previous studies have established normal and reference values for Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV). However, the PWV value that has the strongest association with cardiovascular biomarkers remains poorly understood. Objective This study aimed to determine the PWV value more likely to be associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), increased intima-media thickness (IMT), and presence of carotid plaques in patients with hypertension. Methods This cross-sectional study included 119 patients. Analysis of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves was performed for each cardiovascular biomarker. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results According to the ROC curve analysis, the PWV values were 8.1 m/s, 8.2 m/s, and 8.7 for the LVH, IMT, and presence of carotid plaques, respectively. A PWV value of 8.2 m/s was identified as the best parameter to determine the three TOD biomarkers. PWV above 8.2 m/s was associated with increased CIMT (p = 0.004) and the presence of carotid plaques (p = 0.003) and LVH (p<0.001). PWV above 8.2 showed greater sensitivity for increased CIMT (AUC = 0.678, sensitivity = 62.2), LVH (AUC = 0.717, sensitivity = 87.2), and the presence of plaques (AUC = 0.649, sensitivity = 74.51) in the ROC curve analysis. Conclusion The PWV value 8.2 m/s was more sensitive in early identifying the existence of cardiovascular biomarkers of TOD.

On the Neotropical spider genus Otoniela Brescovit, 1997 (Araneae: Anyphaenidae, Anyphaeninae), with the description of six new species

The genus Otoniela Brescovit, 1997 includes two species, the type species Otoniela adisi Brescovit, 1997, distributed in Peru and Brazil and O. quadrivittata (Simon, 1897), recorded in Venezuela and Argentina. Analyzing 127 individuals permited to expand the records of Otoniela adisi and to describe six additional species: O. lupercioi sp. nov. (♂♀), from Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay; O. chica sp. nov. (♂♀), O. duovizinhense sp. nov. (♂♀), and O. tigre sp. nov. (♂♀), from Brazil and Argentina; and O. aparecida n. sp (♀) and O. negrinho sp. nov. (♂♀), known only from Brazil. As a result, a new emended diagnosis of the genus is presented. Additionally, complementary morphological data of Otoniela adisi are documented.

On the Neotropical spider genus Otoniela Brescovit, 1997 (Araneae: Anyphaenidae, Anyphaeninae), with the description of six new species.

The genus Otoniela Brescovit, 1997 includes two species, the type species Otoniela adisi Brescovit, 1997, distributed in Peru and Brazil and O. quadrivittata (Simon, 1897), recorded in Venezuela and Argentina. Analyzing 127 individuals permited to expand the records of Otoniela adisi and to describe six additional species: O. lupercioi sp. nov. (), from Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay; O. chica sp. nov. (), O. duovizinhense sp. nov. (), and O. tigre sp. nov. (), from Brazil and Argentina; and O. aparecida n. sp () and O. negrinho sp. nov. (), known only from Brazil. As a result, a new emended diagnosis of the genus is presented. Additionally, complementary morphological data of Otoniela adisi are documented.

The Wnt/Beta-Catenin Pathway and Cytoskeletal Filaments Are Involved in the Positioning, Size, and Function of Lysosomes during Chick Myogenesis.

Lysosomes are highly dynamic organelles involved in the breakdown and recycling of macromolecules, cell cycle, cell differentiation, and cell death, among many other functions in eukaryotic cells. Recently, lysosomes have been identified as cellular hubs for the modulation of intracellular signaling pathways, such as the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. Here we analyzed morphological and functional characteristics of lysosomes in muscle and non-muscle cells during chick myogenesis, as well as their modulation by the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. Our results show that (i) muscle and non-muscle cells show differences in lysosomal size and its distribution, (ii) lysosomes are found in spherical structures in myoblasts and fibroblasts and tubular structures in myotubes, (iii) lysosomes are found close to the plasma membrane in fibroblasts and close to the nucleus in myoblasts and myotubes, (iv) lysosomal distribution and size are dependent on the integrity of microtubules and microfilaments in myogenic cells, (v) alterations in lysosomal function, in the expression of LAMP2, and in Wnt/beta-catenin pathway affect the distribution and size of lysosomes in myogenic cells, (vi) the effects of the knockdown of LAMP2 on myogenesis can be rescued by the activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, and (vii) the chloroquine Lys05 is a potent inhibitor of both the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway and lysosomal function. Our data highlight the involvement of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in the regulation of the positioning, size, and function of lysosomes during chick myogenesis.

Colloidal stability of milk: reinterpretation of alcohol test results by digital microscopy.

In this research communication we propose a new approach by portable digital microscopy with a 200× objective to improve the visualization of microparticles of pasteurized milk submitted to the alcohol test. Not only did the method reduce the subjectivity of the readings, but also generated high resolution images of the microparticles, which allows the creation of a specific image pattern for each type of final product. In comparison to a control pasteurized milk treatment, the results confirmed the effect and the specificity of added salts (sodium citrate, disodium phosphate or their combination) on the stability of the milk to the alcohol test. Finally, the mixture of stabilizing salts of citrate/phosphate provided the highest degree of stability to pasteurized milk among the treatments studied.

Living with an enemy: Invasive sun-coral (Tubastraea spp.) competing against sponges Desmapsamma anchorata in southeastern Brazil.

The azooxanthellate corals Tubastraea coccinea and T. tagusensis invaded the Brazilian coast in the 1980s and is still in expansion, favored by lower predation and competition pressure in their new habitats. Interestingly, the native sponge Desmapsamma anchorata has been observed overgrowing these corals. Considering that competitive displacement is expected to play a major role in the successful outcome of an invasion, the present study tested the physical and chemical mechanisms possibly involved in the competition between D. anchorata and the Tubastraea corals through field and aquaria experiments as well as the Raman spectroscopy technique for chemical analysis. Our results showed that the sponge grew in all directions including over Tubastraea colonies and regardless of its presence. There was no evidence of a specific chemical response among sponges or corals. However, we observed the extrusion of mesenteric filaments and tentacles of corals and the projection of sponge tissue during interspecific interaction, which suggests that physical imposition plays a key role for space competition at micro scales. Given the interspersed nature of benthic species distributions and the fast expansion of Tubastraea, it is unlikely that D. anchorata or any other sponges could serve a biological control against these invasive corals at larger scales, but our results showed that at a microscale they can withstand the corals presence and even outgrow them locally.

Avaliação da linguagem em cirurgia de craniotomia com paciente acordado: relato de caso / Language assessment in awake craniotomy: case report

RESUMO O objetivo deste relato foi descrever o caso de um paciente submetido à craniotomia, acordado, para a ressecção neurocirúrgica de um glioma e a avaliação linguística pré-operatória, intraoperatória e pós-operatória. Paciente do gênero masculino, 27 anos, escolaridade nível superior incompleto, apresentando vômitos, confusão mental e crise convulsiva tônico-clônica. Após a avaliação do paciente pela equipe e devidas orientações pré-operatórias, a proposta de excisão da lesão em estado de vigília foi esclarecida e aceita. Ao iniciar o procedimento, os campos foram ajustados para manter as vias aéreas e os olhos acessíveis para mapeamento com estimulação elétrica e avaliação da linguagem no período intraoperatório. Devido à localização do tumor próximo à área motora da fala, foram propostas tarefas para a avaliação da linguagem em quatro momentos: pré-operatório, intraoperatório, pós-operatório imediato e pós-operatório mediato. As habilidades linguísticas testadas nas quatro avaliações foram: compreensão e expressão da linguagem oral, transposição linguística, linguagem associativa, nomeação, discriminação visual, fluência e organização da sintaxe. Com o objetivo de controlar e eliminar o efeito de aprendizagem da testagem, foram solicitadas as mesmas tarefas, porém, com diferentes conteúdos para a testagem das habilidades nas quatro fases. A cirurgia com o paciente acordado permitiu a ressecção completa e segura do tumor, sem prejuízo motor ou linguístico. O engajamento da equipe, a interação interdisciplinar e o planejamento cirúrgico detalhado constituem um pilar para o bom resultado de um procedimento tão complexo e delicado.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this report is to describe the case of a patient who underwent awake craniotomy for neurosurgical resection of a glioma and pre, intra and postoperative linguistic assessment. Male patient, 27 years old, incomplete higher education presenting vomiting, mental confusion and tonic-clonic seizures. After the evaluation of the patient by the team and due preoperative guidance, the proposal of excision of the lesion while awake was clarified and accepted. At the start of the procedure, the fields were adjusted to keep the airway and eyes accessible for mapping with electrical stimulation and intraoperative language assessment. Due to the location of the tumor close to the speech motor area, tasks were proposed for the assessment of language in four moments: preoperative, intraoperative, immediate postoperative and mediate postoperative. The language skills tested in the four assessments were: comprehension and expression of oral language, linguistic transposition, associative language, naming, visual discrimination, fluency and syntax organization. In order to control and eliminate the learning effect of testing, the same tasks were requested, but with different contents for testing skills in the four phases. Surgery with the patient awake allowed the complete and safe resection of the tumor, without motor or linguistic damage to the patient. Team engagement, interdisciplinary interaction and detailed surgical planning constitute the pillar for the good result of such a complex and delicate procedure